The U.S. government has begun an unprecedented review of refugee cases involving Minnesota residents, a move federal officials say is part of a nationwide effort to strengthen immigration oversight and counter fraud.

The operation arrives against a backdrop of rising public outrage after an Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agent shot and killed a Minneapolis woman last week, intensifying debates over federal enforcement tactics.

U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) confirmed Friday that, since mid-December, it has launched “a sweeping initiative” to reexamine thousands of refugee cases with enhanced background checks and verification of claims.

The effort, known as Operation Post-Admission Refugee Reverification and Integrity Strengthening, aims to re-interview refugees who have been in the U.S. following conflicts during the Biden administration and refer suspected fraud cases to U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

Officials described Minnesota as a central focus for these efforts. A Department of Homeland Security (DHS) spokesperson said the campaign proves the administration will not tolerate “fraud” in the immigration system and pledged that “American citizens and the rule of law come first, always.” Critics, however, argue the timing and targeting reflect broader political pressure and risk undermining protections for vulnerable refugees.

Federal authorities announced last year they would re-interview roughly 200,000 refugees who entered the country over the past four years. Refugees already undergo extensive screening, including multiple background checks and medical exams before admission — making reviews at this scale highly unusual.

Advocates say reopening settled cases threatens the stability of families who believed they had secured permanent safety.

The announcement comes weeks after ICE enforcement operations in Minneapolis sparked national controversy. On Jan. 7, an ICE agent shot and killed 37-year-old Renee Nicole Good, a local resident and mother of three, during an immigration enforcement action in south Minneapolis. The incident, captured on video and widely shared online, has triggered protests and a fracturing of official narratives.

Federal authorities characterized the encounter as a self-defense response, alleging Good attempted to strike officers with her vehicle. Top DHS officials, including Secretary Kristi Noem, labeled her actions “domestic terrorism” and maintained the agent was following training when he fired.

Local officials dispute the federal account, saying video evidence shows Good was turning away when shot and that officers were not in immediate danger.

Good’s family and community members remember her as a compassionate person whose life was cut short. “She was an amazing human being,” her mother told local media.

The shooting has led to daily demonstrations in Minneapolis, with mayors and lawmakers demanding federal immigration agents leave the city and calling for transparent investigations.

The FBI has since taken over the investigation, limiting Minnesota law enforcement access to key evidence, a move that has further fueled tensions between state and federal authorities.